Cryptoverse CTF 2023.
Table of Contents
Hello all! I played CryptoverseCTF 2023 which was happened from 06 May to 08 May. I played it with my team Invaders0x1. This time a couple of automation tasks.
These are the writeups for the challenges I solved.
Crypto
Warmup 3
The Cipher given was a Bifid Cipher (from wikipedia). So, simply decoded it using this site
Flag : cvctf{funbiffiddecoding}}
Forensics
The Cyber Heist
Attached File : challenge.pcapng
There is only one forensic chall and it was fun to do. I opened the pcapng file in wireshark and it there is only the USB data traffic is recorded in the pcapng.
So, I did a quick search on google about USB traffic. Found this blog . So, I got to know that, I have to collect the keystrokes of the keyboard and decode it from the traffic to the printable characters.
First of all, I extracted the keystroke data field from the pcapng. The keyboard data is represented in 8 bytes and the field of this 8 bytes data is usbhid.data
So, I used Tshark to extract the data in this field.
mj0ln1r@Linux:~/foresics$ tshark -r challenge.pcapng -T fields -e usbhid.data -Y "usb.data_len == 8" > usbdata.txt
mj0ln1r@Linux:~/foresics$ head usbdata.txt
00ffff00ffffffff
00fefe00fefffeff
00feff00feffffff
00feff00feffffff
00fdfd00fdfffdff
00fdff00fdffffff
00fdfd00fdfffdff
00fdfe00fdfffeff
So, The next step is to convert these bytes to ASCII. And here is my solution script to solve this.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
DataFileName = "usbdata.txt"
presses = []
normalKeys = {"04":"a", "05":"b", "06":"c", "07":"d", "08":"e", "09":"f", "0a":"g", "0b":"h", "0c":"i", "0d":"j", "0e":"k", "0f":"l", "10":"m", "11":"n", "12":"o", "13":"p", "14":"q", "15":"r", "16":"s", "17":"t", "18":"u", "19":"v", "1a":"w", "1b":"x", "1c":"y", "1d":"z","1e":"1", "1f":"2", "20":"3", "21":"4", "22":"5", "23":"6","24":"7","25":"8","26":"9","27":"0","28":"<RET>","29":"<ESC>","2a":"<DEL>", "2b":"\t","2c":"<SPACE>","2d":"-","2e":"=","2f":"[","30":"]","31":"\\","32":"<NON>","33":";","34":"'","35":"<GA>","36":",","37":".","38":"/","39":"<CAP>","3a":"<F1>","3b":"<F2>", "3c":"<F3>","3d":"<F4>","3e":"<F5>","3f":"<F6>","40":"<F7>","41":"<F8>","42":"<F9>","43":"<F10>","44":"<F11>","45":"<F12>"}
shiftKeys = {"04":"A", "05":"B", "06":"C", "07":"D", "08":"E", "09":"F", "0a":"G", "0b":"H", "0c":"I", "0d":"J", "0e":"K", "0f":"L", "10":"M", "11":"N", "12":"O", "13":"P", "14":"Q", "15":"R", "16":"S", "17":"T", "18":"U", "19":"V", "1a":"W", "1b":"X", "1c":"Y", "1d":"Z","1e":"!", "1f":"@", "20":"#", "21":"$", "22":"%", "23":"^","24":"&","25":"*","26":"(","27":")","28":"<RET>","29":"<ESC>","2a":"<DEL>", "2b":"\t","2c":"<SPACE>","2d":"_","2e":"+","2f":"{","30":"}","31":"|","32":"<NON>","33":":","34":"\"","35":"<GA>","36":"<","37":">","38":"?","39":"<CAP>","3a":"<F1>","3b":"<F2>", "3c":"<F3>","3d":"<F4>","3e":"<F5>","3f":"<F6>","40":"<F7>","41":"<F8>","42":"<F9>","43":"<F10>","44":"<F11>","45":"<F12>"}
def main():
# check argv
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print("Usage : ")
print(" python newsolve.py challenge.pcapng")
exit(1)
# get argv
pcapFilePath = sys.argv[1]
# get data of pcap
os.system("tshark -r %s -T fields -e usbhid.data -Y 'usb.data_len == 8' > %s" % (pcapFilePath, DataFileName))
with open(DataFileName, "r") as f:
for line in f:
presses.append(line[0:-1])
result = ""
for press in presses:
if press == '':
continue
if ':' in press:
Bytes = press.split(":")
else:
Bytes = [press[i:i+2] for i in range(0, len(press), 2)]
if Bytes[0] == "00":
if Bytes[2] != "00" and normalKeys.get(Bytes[2]):
result += normalKeys[Bytes[2]]
elif int(Bytes[0],16) & 0b10 or int(Bytes[0],16) & 0b100000: # shift key is pressed.
if Bytes[2] != "00" and normalKeys.get(Bytes[2]):
result += shiftKeys[Bytes[2]]
else:
print("[-] Unknow Key : %s" % (Bytes[0]))
print("[+] Found : %s" % (result))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
#cvctf{w1r3shark_fun!!!}
Flag : cvctf{w1r3shark_fun!!!}
Rev
Simple Checkin
Attached File : challenge
A binary file was given, I used ghidra to view the source code of it.
In main function I observed that there were two long array are assigned to some values. And when I scroll down an XOR operation was done between these two array elements.
for (local_78 = 0; local_78 < local_7c; local_78 = local_78 + 1) {
if ((local_68[local_78] ^ (int)(char)local_48[local_78]) != local_58[local_78]) {
local_74 = 0;
}
}
So, I copied the values of those two arrays performed a simple XOR between them, it resulted the flag.
Here, is the solution script
local_68 = [i for i in range(0xe1+1)]
local_58 = [i for i in range(0xe1+1)]
local_68[0] = 0xb
local_58[0] = 0x68
local_68[1] = 0x7d
local_58[1] = 0xb
local_68[2] = 0xac
local_58[2] = 0xcf
local_68[3] = 0xa8
local_58[3] = 0xdc
local_68[4] = 5
local_58[4] = 99
local_68[5] = 0xef
local_58[5] = 0x94
local_68[6] = 0x1e
local_58[6] = 0x77
local_68[7] = 0xd7
local_58[7] = 0x88
local_68[8] = 0x8c
local_58[8] = 0xed
local_68[9] = 0x94
local_58[9] = 0xe4
local_68[10] = 0x1f
local_58[10] = 0x70
local_68[0xb] = 0xeb
local_58[0xb] = 0x87
local_68[0xc] = 0x9b
local_58[0xc] = 0xf4
local_68[0xd] = 0x2a
local_58[0xd] = 0x4d
local_68[0xe] = 0xb6
local_58[0xe] = 0xdf
local_68[0xf] = 0x80
local_58[0xf] = 0xfa
local_68[0x10] = 0x3a
local_58[0x10] = 0x5f
local_68[0x11] = 0x39
local_58[0x11] = 0x66
local_68[0x12] = 0x39
local_58[0x12] = 0x5f
local_68[0x13] = 0x5f
local_58[0x13] = 0x30
local_68[0x14] = 0x93
local_58[0x14] = 0xe1
local_68[0x15] = 0x5f
local_58[0x15] = 0
local_68[0x16] = 0x70
local_58[0x16] = 3
local_68[0x17] = 0x46
local_58[0x17] = 0x33
local_68[0x18] = 0xe1
local_58[0x18] = 0x82
local_68[0x19] = 0xb9
local_58[0x19] = 0xd1
local_68[0x1a] = 0x3c
local_58[0x1a] = 99
local_68[0x1b] = 0x3b
local_58[0x1b] = 0x5a
local_68[0x1c] = 0x76
local_58[0x1c] = 0x29
local_68[0x1d] = 0x2c
local_58[0x1d] = 0x40
local_68[0x1e] = 0x48
local_58[0x1e] = 0x27
local_68[0x1f] = 0xae
local_58[0x1f] = 0xc0
local_68[0x20] = 0x6a
local_58[0x20] = 0xd
local_68[0x21] = 0xd7
local_58[0x21] = 0x88
local_68[0x22] = 0x4b
local_58[0x22] = 0x38
local_68[0x23] = 0xa2
local_58[0x23] = 0xd6
local_68[0x24] = 0xbf
local_58[0x24] = 0xcd
local_68[0x25] = 0xc1
local_58[0x25] = 0xa8
local_68[0x26] = 0xee
local_58[0x26] = 0x80
local_68[0x27] = 0xba
local_58[0x27] = 0xdd
local_68[0x28] = 100
local_58[0x28] = 0x3b
local_68[0x29] = 0xbb
local_58[0x29] = 0xd2
local_68[0x2a] = 0xbb
local_58[0x2a] = 0xd5
local_68[0x2b] = 0xb7
local_58[0x2b] = 0xe8
local_68[0x2c] = 0xb6
local_58[0x2c] = 0xc2
local_68[0x2d] = 0xc6
local_58[0x2d] = 0xae
local_68[0x2e] = 0x49
local_58[0x2e] = 0x20
local_68[0x2f] = 0xe0
local_58[0x2f] = 0x93
local_68[0x30] = 0xb3
local_58[0x30] = 0xec
local_68[0x31] = 0x23
local_58[0x31] = 0x40
local_68[0x32] = 0x85
local_58[0x32] = 0xed
local_68[0x33] = 0x58
local_58[0x33] = 0x3d
local_68[0x34] = 0xa1
local_58[0x34] = 0xc2
local_68[0x35] = 0xd
local_58[0x35] = 0x66
local_68[0x36] = 0xf3
local_58[0x36] = 0x9a
local_68[0x37] = 0x21
local_58[0x37] = 0x4f
local_68[0x38] = 0xaa
local_58[0x38] = 0xf5
local_68[0x39] = 0xcc
local_58[0x39] = 0xaf
local_68[0x3a] = 0x4a
local_58[0x3a] = 0x22
local_68[0x3b] = 2
local_58[0x3b] = 99
local_68[0x3c] = 0x2e
local_58[0x3c] = 0x42
local_68[0x3d] = 0xb0
local_58[0x3d] = 0xdc
local_68[0x3e] = 0xd4
local_58[0x3e] = 0xb1
local_68[0x3f] = 0x8c
local_58[0x3f] = 0xe2
local_68[0x40] = 0x49
local_58[0x40] = 0x2e
local_68[0x41] = 0x3d
local_58[0x41] = 0x58
local_68[0x42] = 0xa5
local_58[0x42] = 0x89
local_68[0x43] = 0x7e
local_58[0x43] = 0x1c
local_68[0x44] = 0x8e
local_58[0x44] = 0xfb
local_68[0x45] = 0x15
local_58[0x45] = 0x61
local_68[0x46] = 0xd9
local_58[0x46] = 0x86
local_68[0x47] = 0x41
local_58[0x47] = 0x28
local_68[0x48] = 0x98
local_58[0x48] = 0xec
local_68[0x49] = 0xef
local_58[0x49] = 0xb0
local_68[0x4a] = 0x90
local_58[0x4a] = 0xfd
local_68[0x4b] = 0x34
local_58[0x4b] = 0x5d
local_68[0x4c] = 0xa9
local_58[0x4c] = 0xce
local_68[0x4d] = 0xf
local_58[0x4d] = 0x67
local_68[0x4e] = 0x7c
local_58[0x4e] = 8
local_68[0x4f] = 0x4c
local_58[0x4f] = 0x13
local_68[0x50] = 0x45
local_58[0x50] = 0x27
local_68[0x51] = 0x7b
local_58[0x51] = 0x1e
local_68[0x52] = 0x6e
local_58[0x52] = 0x31
local_68[0x53] = 0x95
local_58[0x53] = 0xf4
local_68[0x54] = 0x3a
local_58[0x54] = 0x65
local_68[0x55] = 0x80
local_58[0x55] = 0xe7
local_68[0x56] = 0xcd
local_58[0x56] = 0xa2
local_68[0x57] = 0x7b
local_58[0x57] = 0x14
local_68[0x58] = 0xe2
local_58[0x58] = 0x86
local_68[0x59] = 0x9f
local_58[0x59] = 0xc0
local_68[0x5a] = 0x3c
local_58[0x5a] = 0x48
local_68[0x5b] = 0xcc
local_58[0x5b] = 0xa5
local_68[0x5c] = 0x6a
local_58[0x5c] = 7
local_68[0x5d] = 0xf8
local_58[0x5d] = 0x9d
local_68[0x5e] = 0x67
local_58[0x5e] = 0x38
local_68[0x5f] = 0x77
local_58[0x5f] = 3
local_68[0x60] = 0xf3
local_58[0x60] = 0x9c
local_68[0x61] = 0xa8
local_58[0x61] = 0xf7
local_68[0x62] = 0x55
local_58[0x62] = 0x39
local_68[99] = 0x65
local_58[99] = 0
local_68[100] = 0x15
local_58[100] = 0x74
local_68[0x65] = 0xa7
local_58[0x65] = 0xd5
local_68[0x66] = 0x87
local_58[0x66] = 0xe9
local_68[0x67] = 0xcb
local_58[0x67] = 0x94
local_68[0x68] = 0x89
local_58[0x68] = 0xe8
local_68[0x69] = 0x1d
local_58[0x69] = 0x7f
local_68[0x6a] = 0xcf
local_58[0x6a] = 0xa0
local_68[0x6b] = 0xd1
local_58[0x6b] = 0xa4
local_68[0x6c] = 0x1b
local_58[0x6c] = 0x6f
local_68[0x6d] = 0x79
local_58[0x6d] = 0x26
local_68[0x6e] = 0xe7
local_58[0x6e] = 0x86
local_68[0x6f] = 0x7d
local_58[0x6f] = 8
local_68[0x70] = 0x5c
local_58[0x70] = 0x28
local_68[0x71] = 0xf0
local_58[0x71] = 0x9f
local_68[0x72] = 0xfb
local_58[0x72] = 0x96
local_68[0x73] = 9
local_58[0x73] = 0x68
local_68[0x74] = 0x4a
local_58[0x74] = 0x3e
local_68[0x75] = 0x45
local_58[0x75] = 0x2c
local_68[0x76] = 7
local_58[0x76] = 0x69
local_68[0x77] = 0x74
local_58[0x77] = 0x13
local_68[0x78] = 0xcd
local_58[0x78] = 0x92
local_68[0x79] = 0x7f
local_58[0x79] = 0xb
local_68[0x7a] = 0x98
local_58[0x7a] = 0xf0
local_68[0x7b] = 0xb
local_58[0x7b] = 0x62
local_68[0x7c] = 0xaa
local_58[0x7c] = 0xd9
local_68[0x7d] = 4
local_58[0x7d] = 0x5b
local_68[0x7e] = 0xe
local_58[0x7e] = 0x7e
local_68[0x7f] = 0x70
local_58[0x7f] = 2
local_68[0x80] = 0x22
local_58[0x80] = 0x4d
local_68[0x81] = 0x11
local_58[0x81] = 0x72
local_68[0x82] = 0x9c
local_58[0x82] = 0xf9
local_68[0x83] = 0x72
local_58[0x83] = 1
local_68[0x84] = 0x3e
local_58[0x84] = 0x4d
local_68[0x85] = 0x7c
local_58[0x85] = 0x43
local_68[0x86] = 0x86
local_58[0x86] = 0xdf
local_68[0x87] = 0x1c
local_58[0x87] = 0x73
local_68[0x88] = 0x21
local_58[0x88] = 0x54
local_68[0x89] = 0x6e
local_58[0x89] = 0x31
local_68[0x8a] = 0x18
local_58[0x8a] = 0x75
local_68[0x8b] = 0x4e
local_58[0x8b] = 0x27
local_68[0x8c] = 0x30
local_58[0x8c] = 0x57
local_68[0x8d] = 0x3b
local_58[0x8d] = 0x53
local_68[0x8e] = 0xf
local_58[0x8e] = 0x7b
local_68[0x8f] = 0x2a
local_58[0x8f] = 0x75
local_68[0x90] = 0x26
local_58[0x90] = 0x48
local_68[0x91] = 0x6f
local_58[0x91] = 10
local_68[0x92] = 0xb8
local_58[0x92] = 0xdd
local_68[0x93] = 0x8e
local_58[0x93] = 0xea
local_68[0x94] = 0x4c
local_58[0x94] = 0x13
local_68[0x95] = 0x7f
local_58[0x95] = 0xb
local_68[0x96] = 0x22
local_58[0x96] = 0x4d
local_68[0x97] = 0xef
local_58[0x97] = 0xb0
local_68[0x98] = 99
local_58[0x98] = 7
local_68[0x99] = 0xa3
local_58[0x99] = 0xcc
local_68[0x9a] = 0xc2
local_58[0x9a] = 0x9d
local_68[0x9b] = 200
local_58[0x9b] = 0xa1
local_68[0x9c] = 99
local_58[0x9c] = 0x17
local_68[0x9d] = 0xd8
local_58[0x9d] = 0x87
local_68[0x9e] = 2
local_58[0x9e] = 0x60
local_68[0x9f] = 0x88
local_58[0x9f] = 0xed
local_68[0xa0] = 0x19
local_58[0xa0] = 0x7a
local_68[0xa1] = 0x5b
local_58[0xa1] = 0x3a
local_68[0xa2] = 0x78
local_58[0xa2] = 0xd
local_68[0xa3] = 0x7a
local_58[0xa3] = 9
local_68[0xa4] = 0x39
local_58[0xa4] = 0x5c
local_68[0xa5] = 0x8c
local_58[0xa5] = 0xd3
local_68[0xa6] = 0xbf
local_58[0xa6] = 0xd7
local_68[0xa7] = 0xc3
local_58[0xa7] = 0xa6
local_68[0xa8] = 0x19
local_58[0xa8] = 0x6b
local_68[0xa9] = 0x5d
local_58[0xa9] = 0x38
local_68[0xaa] = 0x87
local_58[0xaa] = 0xd8
local_68[0xab] = 0x9a
local_58[0xab] = 0xf3
local_68[0xac] = 0xd9
local_58[0xac] = 0xaa
local_68[0xad] = 0xa2
local_58[0xad] = 0xfd
local_68[0xae] = 0xea
local_58[0xae] = 0x8b
local_68[0xaf] = 0x7f
local_58[0xaf] = 0x20
local_68[0xb0] = 0xfd
local_58[0xb0] = 0x8d
local_68[0xb1] = 0xd0
local_58[0xb1] = 0xb1
local_68[0xb2] = 0xf9
local_58[0xb2] = 0x90
local_68[0xb3] = 0xb6
local_58[0xb3] = 0xd8
local_68[0xb4] = 0xf7
local_58[0xb4] = 0x91
local_68[0xb5] = 0x6e
local_58[0xb5] = 0x1b
local_68[0xb6] = 0xad
local_58[0xb6] = 0xc1
local_68[0xb7] = 0xaf
local_58[0xb7] = 0xf0
local_68[0xb8] = 0x5d
local_58[0xb8] = 0x35
local_68[0xb9] = 0xd8
local_58[0xb9] = 0xbd
local_68[0xba] = 0xca
local_58[0xba] = 0xb2
local_68[0xbb] = 0x29
local_58[0xbb] = 0x13
local_68[0xbc] = 0x8f
local_58[0xbc] = 0xbc
local_68[0xbd] = 0xb5
local_58[0xbd] = 0x87
local_68[0xbe] = 0xf
local_58[0xbe] = 0x6e
local_68[0xbf] = 0xbd
local_58[0xbf] = 0x8c
local_68[0xc0] = 0xce
local_58[0xc0] = 0xf8
local_68[0xc1] = 0xf8
local_58[0xc1] = 0x9a
local_68[0xc2] = 0x9d
local_58[0xc2] = 0xae
local_68[0xc3] = 0xcb
local_58[0xc3] = 0xaa
local_68[0xc4] = 0x18
local_58[0xc4] = 0x2f
local_68[0xc5] = 0xa0
local_58[0xc5] = 0xc5
local_68[0xc6] = 0x8f
local_58[0xc6] = 0xea
local_68[199] = 0xce
local_58[199] = 0xa8
local_68[200] = 0x30
local_58[200] = 8
local_68[0xc9] = 0x77
local_58[0xc9] = 0x13
local_68[0xca] = 0x5f
local_58[0xca] = 0x3a
local_68[0xcb] = 0x8a
local_58[0xcb] = 0xbb
local_68[0xcc] = 0xeb
local_58[0xcc] = 0xd9
local_68[0xcd] = 10
local_58[0xcd] = 0x3c
local_68[0xce] = 0x73
local_58[0xce] = 0x40
local_68[0xcf] = 0xda
local_58[0xcf] = 0xe2
local_68[0xd0] = 0x9e
local_58[0xd0] = 0xaf
local_68[0xd1] = 0x61
local_58[0xd1] = 0x53
local_68[0xd2] = 0x7f
local_58[0xd2] = 0x51
local_68[0xd3] = 0x51
local_58[0xd3] = 0x14
local_68[0xd4] = 0x20
local_58[0xd4] = 0x4e
local_68[0xd5] = 0x69
local_58[0xd5] = 3
local_68[0xd6] = 0x10
local_58[0xd6] = 0x7f
local_68[0xd7] = 0x69
local_58[0xd7] = 0x10
local_68[0xd8] = 0xf1
local_58[0xd8] = 0xd9
local_68[0xd9] = 0x26
local_58[0xd9] = 0x49
local_68[0xda] = 0x9e
local_58[0xda] = 0xec
local_68[0xdb] = 0x7d
local_58[0xdb] = 0x22
local_68[0xdc] = 0xf7
local_58[0xdc] = 0x99
local_68[0xdd] = 6
local_58[0xdd] = 0x69
local_68[0xde] = 10
local_58[0xde] = 0x7e
local_68[0xdf] = 0xb0
local_58[0xdf] = 0x99
local_68[0xe0] = 0x5f
local_58[0xe0] = 0x7e
local_68[0xe1] = 0x22
local_58[0xe1] = 0x5f
for i,j in zip(local_58,local_68):
print(chr(i^j),end="")
#cvctf{i_apologize_for_such_a_long_string_in_this_checkin_challenge,but_it_might_be_a_good_time_to_learn_about_automating_this_process?You_might_need_to_do_it_because_here_is_a_painful_hex:32a16b3a7eef8de1263812.Enjoy(or_not)!}
Micro Assembly
Attached File : file.asm
The content of file.asm
main:
PUSH %BP
MOV %SP, %BP
@main_body:
SUB %SP, $28, %SP
MOV $154, -28(%BP)
MOV $16, -24(%BP)
MOV $16, -20(%BP)
MOV $228, -16(%BP)
MOV $66, -12(%BP)
MOV $286, -8(%BP)
MOV $3, -4(%BP)
@if0:
DIV -28(%BP), $2, %0
CMP %12, $0
JNE @false0
@true0:
DIV -28(%BP), $2, %0
MOV %0, -28(%BP)
JMP @exit0
@false0:
@exit0:
MUL -24(%BP), $3, %0
ADD %0, $1, %0
MOV %0, -24(%BP)
SHL -20(%BP), $2, %0
ADD %0, $3, %0
MOV %0, -20(%BP)
@if1:
DIV -16(%BP), $3, %0
CMP %12, $1
JNE @false1
@true1:
SUB -16(%BP), $1, %0
DIV %0, $3, %0
MOV %0, -16(%BP)
JMP @exit1
@false1:
DIV -16(%BP), $2, %0
MOV %0, -16(%BP)
@exit1:
SUB -12(%BP), $2, %0
MOV %0, -12(%BP)
@if2:
DIV -8(%BP), $3, %0
CMP %12, $1
JNE @false2
@true2:
SUB -8(%BP), $1, %0
DIV %0, $3, %0
MOV %0, -8(%BP)
JMP @exit2
@false2:
DIV -8(%BP), $2, %0
MOV %0, -8(%BP)
@exit2:
SHL $11, -4(%BP), %0
ADD %0, $11, %0
MOV %0, -4(%BP)
LEA -28(%BP), %0
MOV %0, %13
JMP @main_exit
@main_exit:
MOV %BP, %SP
POP %BP
RET
Yeah, I know Assembly. There are 7 memory locations are initialized I thought that it was 7 character long flag. So, I started solving it by hand.
Let me clearly explain the first if block.
@if0:
DIV -28(%BP), $2, %0 // 154/2 == 77
CMP %12, $0 // %12, 77
JNE @false0
@true0:
DIV -28(%BP), $2, %0 // 154/2 = 77
MOV %0, -28(%BP) //-28(bp) = 77 (154 --> 77)
JMP @exit0
@false0:
-28(%BP) is the location of value 154 and $2 is just an integer.DIV 154,2 is stored in %0
The result 77 is compared with the value present in %12 location
I assumed It was true, So the @true0 will be executed.
The true block is just doing DIV again and stored the value at -28(%BP), which means the 158 is erased and 77 is stored inplace of it.
By this way, I traced all the conditions. Most of the time I assumed the condition was true. Only when I got the result in decimal points marked it as false and excuted the false block.
Here is my rough work of the challenge.
main:
PUSH %BP
MOV %SP, %BP
@main_body:
SUB %SP, $28, %SP
MOV $154, -28(%BP)
MOV $16, -24(%BP)
MOV $16, -20(%BP)
MOV $228, -16(%BP)
MOV $66, -12(%BP)
MOV $286, -8(%BP)
MOV $3, -4(%BP)
@if0:
DIV -28(%BP), $2, %0 // 154/2 == 77
CMP %12, $0 // %12, 77
JNE @false0
@true0:
DIV -28(%BP), $2, %0 // 154/2 = 77
MOV %0, -28(%BP) //-28(bp) = 77 (154 --> 77)
JMP @exit0
@false0:
@exit0:
MUL -24(%BP), $3, %0 // 16 * 3 = 48
ADD %0, $1, %0 // 48+1 = 49
MOV %0, -24(%BP) // -24(bp) = 2 (16 -- > 49)
SHL -20(%BP), $2, %0 //-20(bp) = 16.. 16<< 2 = 64
ADD %0, $3, %0 // 64 + 3 = 67
MOV %0, -20(%BP) // -20(bp) = 67 (16-->67)
@if1:
DIV -16(%BP), $3, %0 // -16(bp) = 228 .. 228/3 = 76
CMP %12, $1 // %12, 1
JNE @false1
@true1:
SUB -16(%BP), $1, %0 // 228 - 1 = 227
DIV %0, $3, %0 // 227/3 = 75.666
MOV %0, -16(%BP) //
JMP @exit1
@false1:
DIV -16(%BP), $2, %0 // 228/2 = 114
MOV %0, -16(%BP) // -16(bp) = 114
@exit1:
SUB -12(%BP), $2, %0 // 66 - 2 = 64
MOV %0, -12(%BP) // -12(bp) = 64
@if2:
DIV -8(%BP), $3, %0 // 286/3 = 95.333
CMP %12, $1
JNE @false2
@true2:
SUB -8(%BP), $1, %0 // 286-1 = 285
DIV %0, $3, %0 // 285/3 = 95
MOV %0, -8(%BP) // -8(bp) = 95
JMP @exit2
@false2:
DIV -8(%BP), $2, %0 // 286/2 = 143
MOV %0, -8(%BP) // -8(bp) = 143
@exit2:
SHL $11, -4(%BP), %0 // 11 << 3 = 88
ADD %0, $11, %0 // 88 + 11 = 99
MOV %0, -4(%BP) // -4(bp) =99
LEA -28(%BP), %0 // 77, %0
MOV %0, %13 // %13 = 77
JMP @main_exit
@main_exit:
MOV %BP, %SP
POP %BP
RET
cvctf{M1Cr@_c}
Later the values present in the memory locations from -28(%BP) to -4(%BP) converted these integers to ascii and The result was wrapped around cvctf{}.
Flag : cvctf{M1Cr@_c}
Misc
Baby Calculator
nc 20.169.252.240 4200
A good challenge to do writeup.
mj0ln1r@AHLinux:~/babycalc$ nc 20.169.252.240 4200
Welcome to the Baby Calculator! Answer 40 questions in a minute to get the flag.
The difference between your input and the correct answer must be less than 1e-6.
[+] Question 1:
Evaluate the integral of: 4/x from 3 to 7.
> Answer:
It was asking us to do integral of 4/x from 3 to 7, It was easy to do with scipy module of python
from scipy.integrate import quad
def compute_integral(func, lower_limit, upper_limit):
integral, error = quad(func, lower_limit, upper_limit)
return integral
def f(x):
return 4/x
compute_integral(f,3,7)
But it was difficult to answer 40 questions in a minute. So, I used pwntools to automate this process.
This is my solution script.
from math import cos, exp, pi,sin
from scipy.integrate import quad
from pwn import *
def compute_integral(func, lower_limit, upper_limit):
integral, error = quad(func, lower_limit, upper_limit)
return integral
def f(x):
return eval(exp)
conn = remote('20.169.252.240',4200)
for i in range(40):
conn.recvuntil(b'Evaluate the integral of: ')
exp = conn.recvuntil(b' ').decode()
r = conn.recvuntil(b'.').decode().strip('.')
r = r.split(" ")
ranges = [int(r[1]),int(r[3])]
integral = compute_integral(f, ranges[0], ranges[1])
print(integral)
conn.recv()
conn.sendline(str(integral).encode())
if i == 39:
print(conn.recv())
# cvctf{B4by_m@7h_G14n7_5t3P}
Flag : cvctf{B4by_m@7h_G14n7_5t3P}
Misc
OJail
Challenge
mj0ln1r@Linux:~/ojail$ nc 20.169.252.240 4201
OCaml version 4.08.1
#
Okay its time to learn OCaml. I quickly checked the Ocaml hello world program and tried it.
mj0ln1r@Linux:~/ojail$ nc 20.169.252.240 4201
OCaml version 4.08.1
# print_string "hello world!\n";;
hello world!
- : unit = ()
#
Yes, it worked. So, I found that with Sys.command we can executed the system commands. I tried with ls. I found that there were a flag.txt but it was not the correct one. Then looked into secret directory and catted out the flag-1d573e0faa99.json
mj0ln1r@Linux:~/ojail$ nc 20.169.252.240 4201
OCaml version 4.08.1
# Sys.command "ls";;
Dockerfile
build.sh
flag.txt
secret
- : int = 0
# Sys.command "ls secret";;
flag-1d573e0faa99.json
- : int = 0
# Sys.command "cat secret/flag-1d573e0faa99.json";;
{
"message": "Flag is here. OCaml syntax is easy, right?",
"flag": "cvctf{J41L3d_OOOO-C4mL@@}"
}- : int = 0
#
Flag : cvctf{J41L3d_OOOO-C4mL@@}